研究与报告

印第安纳州是全美吸烟和电子烟使用率最高的州之一。这不仅对公众健康有害，而且对我们州的经济也产生了重大影响。本报告摘要整合了理查德·费尔班克斯基金会委托进行的四项关于印第安纳州吸烟和电子烟影响的独立研究的结果。具体主题包括印第安纳州雇主支付的吸烟“隐性税”、烟草对经济的影响、每包香烟税增加 $2 的预期收益以及印第安纳州电子烟泛滥的有害影响。

电子烟的使用正在迅速增加，印第安纳州的电子烟使用率在全美排名第七。尽管有证据表明青少年电子烟的使用率正在下降，但马里恩县青少年的电子烟使用率高于全州的同龄人。这尤其令人担忧，因为正如研究指出的那样，电子烟并不是传统香烟的安全替代品。事实上，一些电子烟含有的尼古丁与传统香烟一样多，甚至更多。该研究结果显示，吸电子烟会带来相当大的健康风险，包括大脑发育受损以及心血管和肺部健康问题风险增加。该报告还强调了利益相关者如何在减少电子烟使用方面发挥作用。

A study on the impacts of Teach For America Indianapolis found TFA teachers with one to two years of experience were somewhat more effective at improving student achievement than non-TFA teachers with similar experience levels, while TFA teachers in schools with at least five TFA peers were substantially more effective at increasing student achievement. Additionally, TFA teachers were placed in higher-need schools than other first-year teachers, and, in recent years, TFA teachers have been more racially diverse than other new teachers. Further, the study finds that TFA teachers’ greater effectiveness more than made up for the negative impact on student achievement associated with their higher turnover rate.

2018 年，费尔班克斯基金会发起 预防事项, a four-year, $13.5 million grant initiative aimed at helping K-12 schools in Marion County identify, implement and sustain evidence-based substance use prevention programs. In addition to a formal, external evaluation of the initiative, the Foundation also created “lessons learned” documents. The first document is designed for schools seeking to implement and sustain successful prevention programs, while the second is aimed at funders seeking guidance for prevention program-focused grantmaking.

毫无疑问，减少烟草使用将挽救印第安纳州人民的生命，因为该州的吸烟率仍高于全国平均水平。减少烟草消费还将推动该州经济大幅增长，包括人口增长、就业岗位增加和收入增加。

从额外的旷工和未经批准的吸烟休息到过高的医疗保健费用，吸烟员工每年给印第安纳州雇主造成 $31 亿美元的损失，这对印第安纳州企业来说是一笔额外的“税”，相当于总工资的 1.7%。仅在 2022 年，马里恩县的企业就支付了近 $6.09 亿美元的隐性“吸烟税”。为了减轻这些经济影响，印第安纳州必须降低吸烟率。事实证明，降低吸烟率最有效的方法是提高印第安纳州的香烟税，这将改善公共卫生结果，减少 $7.95 亿美元的医疗保健成本，并为该州创造 $3.56 亿美元的新年度收入。